糖尿病大鼠角膜上皮损伤修复过程中 occludin 的重塑特点

目的：探讨糖尿病（DM）大鼠和正常大鼠角膜上皮修复过程中紧密连接蛋白 occludin 重塑的特点。方法90只 SD 大鼠随机分为 DM组和正常对照组（NC）各45只（DM组均高脂喂养）,通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导形成Ⅱ型 DM大鼠模型,于损伤后0 h（未损伤）,16、48、72、120 h （每组5只）处死大鼠取角膜。间接免疫荧光染色和 Western blot 法观察 occludin 蛋白在损伤修复过程中的变化。结果DM大鼠角膜上皮损伤愈合率较 NC 组大鼠明显延迟,DM组和 NC 组大鼠角膜上皮 occludin 蛋白在损伤后16、48 h 表达差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,在损伤后0、72、120 h 表达差异无统计学意义。结论糖尿病可影响大鼠角膜上皮创伤修复过程中紧密连接蛋白 occludin 蛋白的表达。     

3种环糊精对姜黄素角膜渗透性影响研究

目的研究β-环糊精(β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)和磺丁基醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)对姜黄素离体角膜渗透作用的影响。方法采用改良Franz扩散池,以离体角膜扩散实验考察不同质量分数的3种环糊精对姜黄素角膜渗透性的影响。结果β-CD质量分数为0.02%、0.04%、0.06%、0.08%时,姜黄素的角膜表观渗透系数分别增加了1.06、1.03、1.00、0.95倍,同质量分数的HP-β-CD分别增加了1.16、1.19、1.17、1.12倍,质量分数为0.04%、0.06%时,与对照组相比有显著差异(P0.05);同质量分数的SBE-β-CD分别增加了1.06、1.23、1.08、0.90倍,质量分数为0.04%时,与对照组相比有显著差异(P0.05)。以质量分数为0.06%的SBE-β-CD作为促渗剂,姜黄素释放曲线符合零级释放方程(r=0.997 8);角膜水化平均为81.7%。结论 HP-β-CD质量分数为0.04%、0.06%,分别增加表观渗透系数1.19、1.17倍(P0.05);SBE-β-CD为0.04%时,增加1.23倍(P0.05)。SBE-β-CD作为眼用促渗剂使药物的释放过程更加安全有效;3种环糊精促渗剂对角膜无刺激。     

A cross-sectional study to compare intraocular pressure measurement by sequential use of Goldman applanation tonometry,dynamic contour tonometry,ocular response analyzer,and Corvis ST

Objective:

To study the correlation and effect of sequential measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), ocular response analyzer (ORA), dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), and Corvis ST.

Setting and Design:

Observational cross-sectional series from the comprehensive clinic of a tertiary eye care center seen during December 2012.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty-five study eyes of 125 patients with normal IOP and biomechanical properties underwent IOP measurement on GAT, DCT, ORA, and Corvis ST; in four different sequences. Patients with high refractive errors, recent surgeries, glaucoma, and corneal disorders were excluded so as to rule out patients with evident altered corneal biomechanics.

Statistical Analysis:

Linear regression and Bland–Altman using MedCalc software.

Results:

Multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures showed no influence of sequence of device use on IOP (P = 0.85). Linear regression r² between GAT and Corvis ST, Corvis ST and Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg), and DCT and Corvis ST were 0.37 (P = 0.675), 0.63 (P = 0.607), and 0.19 (P = 0.708), respectively. The Bland–Altman agreement of Corvis ST with GAT, corneal compensated IOP, and IOPg was 2 mmHg (−5.0 to + 10.3), −0.5 mmHg (−8.1 to 7.1), and 0.5 mmHg (−6.2 to 7.1), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient for repeatability ranged from 0.81 to 0.96.

Conclusions:

Correlation between Corvis ST and ORA was found to be good and not so with GAT. However, agreement between the devices was statistically insignificant, and no influence of sequence was observed.     

Evaluating the change in central corneal thickness in neonates (term and preterm) in Indian population and the factors affecting it

Background and Aim:

Central corneal thickness (CCT) of term and preterm infants in Indian population is not known. We did a prospective noninterventional study to measure the CCT in term and preterm infants.

Materials and Methods:

An ultrasonic pachymeter was used. The data regarding the date of birth, expected date of delivery, birth weight were recorded. The preterm and the term infants were followed up at 8 weeks, 20 weeks and at 1-year.

Results:

A total of 85 (170 eyes) children were included in the study. The mean age was 264.6 ± 21.8 days postconception. The mean birth weight and CCT were 1834.4 ± 512.1 g and 595.8 ± 72.4 μ respectively. A comparison of CCT on the basis postgestational age showed a mean thickness of 620.7 ± 88.8 and 574.4 ± 78.3 μ in the <260 days and >260 days age groups respectively. The difference was statistically significant (Student''s test, P = 0.002). The CCT of preterm infants (<260 days) decreased from a mean value of 620.7 ± 88.8 μ to 534.1 ± 57.6 μ at the end of 1-year.

Conclusion:

We present the data of CCT in term and preterm infants in Indian population. We believe that the premature babies have slightly thicker corneas than mature term babies.     

绷带镜治疗糖尿病患者玻璃体切割术后角膜上皮缺损的临床观察

目的分析糖尿病患者玻璃体切除术后角膜上皮缺损的临床特征,观察绷带镜治疗这类并发症的疗效。方法收集糖尿病患者行玻璃体切除术后角膜上皮缺损的病例共36例,均采用绷带镜进行治疗。结果36例患者均在接受绷带镜治疗后的不同时间内症状得到缓解,角膜上皮愈合,视觉质量提高。结论绷带镜可有效治疗糖尿病患者玻璃体切除术后角膜上皮的缺损,提高患者视觉质量。     

Clinical staining of the ocular surface: Mechanisms and interpretations

In this article we review the mechanism of ocular surface staining. Water-soluble dyes are excluded from the normal epithelium by tight junctions, the plasma membranes and the surface glycocalyx. Shed cells can take up dye. A proportion of normal corneas show sparse, scattered time-dependent, punctate fluorescein uptake, which, we hypothesise, is due to a graded loss of the glycocalyx barrier, permitting transcellular entry into pre-shed cells. In pathological staining, there is little evidence of ‘micropooling’ at sites of shedding and the term ‘punctate erosion’ may be a misnomer. It is more likely that the initial event involves transcellular dye entry and, in addition, diffusion across defective tight junctions. Different dye-staining characteristics probably reflect differences in molecular size and other physical properties of each dye, coupled with differences in visibility under the conditions of illumination used. This is most relevant to the rapid epithelial spread of fluorescein from sites of punctate staining, compared to the apparent confinement of dyes to staining cells with dyes such as lissamine green and rose bengal. We assume that fluorescein, with its lower molecular weight, spreads initially by a paracellular route and then by transcellular diffusion. Solution-Induced Corneal Staining (SICS), related to the use of certain contact lens care solutions, may have a different basis, involving the non-pathological uptake of cationic preservatives, such as biguanides, into epithelial membranes and secondary binding of the fluorescein anion. It is transient and may not imply corneal toxicity. Understanding the mechanism of staining is relevant to the standardisation of grading, to monitoring disease and to the conduct of clinical trials.     

超声乳化白内障吸除术中对向角膜切口矫正术前角膜散光的临床观察

目的 观察导航系统引导下超声乳化白内障吸除术中在角膜曲率最大子午线上行对向透明角膜切口矫正术前角膜散光的临床疗效.方法 队列研究.选择35例(40眼)术前角膜散光度均大于1.0 D白内障患者为实验组,在表面麻醉下于最大角膜曲率子午线上做2.8 mm对向透明角膜切口;另选27例(30眼)术前角膜散光度均大于1.0 D白内障患者为对照组,在表面麻醉下于最大角膜曲率子午线上做2.8 mm单个透明角膜切口.观察2组术前及术后3个月角膜散光度及平均角膜曲率的变化.根据Jaffe's矢量分析原理计算手术源性角膜散光,采用独立样本t检验与配对t检验进行数据分析.结果 对照组术前及术后3个月角膜散光度分别为(1.84±0.40)D和(1.49±0.36)D,差异有统计学意义(t=7.55,P＜0.05).实验组分别为(1.89±0.74)D和(0.71±0.60)D,差异有统计学意义(t=13.93,P＜0.05).术后3个月2组角膜散光度相比差异有统计学意义(t=-6.31,P＜0.05).2组手术源性散光分别为(0.38±0.18)D和(1.55±0.84)D.对照组术前及术后3个月平均角膜曲率分别为(44.18±1.31)D和(44.14±1.31)D,差异无统计学意义(t=1.21,P＞0.05).实验组分别为(44.33±1.51)D和(44.29±1.52)D,差异无统计学意义(t=0.73,P＞0.05).结论 超声乳化吸除术中行对向透明角膜切口是一种安全、有效的矫正角膜散光的方法.     

哈萨克族与汉族大学生正视眼生物学测量的对比分析

目的：：观察哈萨克族与汉族大学生正视眼的角膜中央厚度、前房深度、角膜前后表面曲率的差异性,并分析角膜厚度与角膜前、后曲率的相关性。方法：对新疆医科大学一年级500多名学生进行近视眼筛查,选取正视眼的汉族学生55名和哈萨克族学生51名,应用Sirius角膜地形图对其进行测量。结果：哈萨克族与汉族大学生角膜中央厚度(哈：0.52±0.03mm,汉：0.54±0.03mm )、前房深度(哈：2.97±0.31mm,汉：3.14±0.25mm)有显著性差异(P<0.05)。角膜前、后表面曲率(K1,K2)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。汉族的角膜厚度与角膜前曲率相关分析r<0,与角膜后曲率相关分析r<0.1。哈萨克族的角膜厚度与角膜前曲率相关分析r<0,与角膜后曲率相关分析r<0.1。结论：哈萨克族与汉族大学生正视眼的生物学测量指标中,角膜厚度、前房深度是有差异的。两个民族的角膜厚度与角膜前、后曲率(K1,K2)无相关性。     

细菌性角膜溃疡误诊原因及预后分析

目的研究细菌性角膜溃疡的特点,分析引起误诊的原因,探讨影响患者预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析。以2011年1月至2013年12月间山东省眼科医院收治的83例(83只眼)确诊为细菌性角膜溃疡的患者作为研究对象。通过统计患者误诊疾病、发病诱因、眼部临床表现、就诊医院、所行辅助检查等,分析误诊原因。通过统计不同确诊时间的患者药物、手术治疗的情况,分析误诊患者确诊前病程与其预后的关系。结果 83例患者的发病诱因中49例有各种角膜外伤史,包括植物性外伤22例(占26.5%)。42例患者眼部临床表现为病史迁延、病灶边界不清,伴类似伪足或类似卫星灶、类似内皮斑等。33例患者于首诊医院误诊,误诊疾病分别为真菌性角膜炎28例(占33.7%)、病毒性角膜炎5例(占6.0%)。首诊医院为省市级医院的误诊率为29.3%,县级及以下医院的误诊率为50.0%。省市级医院行角膜刮片及培养者占70.7%,刮片阳性率27.6%。县级及以下医院行实验室检查者仅占30.1%,刮片阳性率15.4%。预后:误诊患者中确诊前病程≤2周者药物治愈6例(占30.0%),行角膜病灶切除治愈4例(占20.0%),行角膜移植治愈10例(50.0%),总治愈率100%。病程大于2周者,药物治愈2例(占15.4%),行角膜病灶切除治愈3例(占23.1%),行角膜移植治愈6例(46.1%),行眼内容剜除2例(占15.4%),总治愈率84.6%。结论目前细菌性角膜溃疡的误诊率仍较高,普及严格、规范的实验室检测结合其他辅助检查能有效降低误诊率。早确诊、早治疗有助于改善误诊患者预后。